Wireless application protocol wap interview preparation. Introduced in 1999, wap achieved some popularity in the early 2000s, but by the 2010s it had been largely superseded by more modern. Wap utilizes internet standards such as xml, user datagram protocol udp, and ip. Its application is to enable access to the internet from a mobile phone or pda. Wireless application protocol wap overview chapter 11. Jul 12, 2000 this article is the first installment in a twopart series on wap wireless application protocol.
Sridhar iyer kr school of information technology iit bombay. Tcpip either combines several osi layers into a single layer, or does not use certain layers at all. Aug 04, 2014 wireless application protocol wap gateway. Most use of wap involves accessing the mobile web from a mobile phone or from a pda.
The wdp allows wap to be bearerindependent by adapting the transport layer of the underlying bearer. Wap is designed in a layered fashion, so that it can be extensible, flexible, and scalable. Wireless application protocol sridhar iyer kr school of information technology. For addressing and routing purposes, wap uses the same layer 3 network layer protocol as tcpip, namely the internet protocol ip. Wap s transaction protocol does not use the threestep handshake used by tcp when it establishes a connection. Wap content is scalable from a twoline text display on a basic device to a full graphic screen on the latest smart phones and communicators. What happens between the gateway and the client relies on features of different parts of the wap protocol stack. Protocol, commonly know as wap, is an important development in the wireless industry because of its attempt to develop an open standard for wireless.
Alands mobiltelefon wcdma network on the first day of 2002 ericsson and the finnish operator. A programming model based on the www programming model 2. We recommend that you configure the web server software to return an index. Nov 15, 2019 download fnet embedded tcpip stack for free. Telstra cdma2000 network telstra is the main telecoms provider in australia. In fact, wap involves multiple protocols and a complete network architecture for delivery of wireless content. The wireless application protocol wap is a protocol stack for wireless communication networks. The wireless application environment wae defines the following functions. The application layer uses wml wireless markup language instead of the internet.
Wtls wireless transport layer security is a component in the wireless application protocol wap protocol stack. Open mobile alliance wireless application protocol wap. The wdp presents a consistent data format to the higher layers of the wap protocol stack, thereby offering the advantage of. Authentication protocols chap challenge handshake authentication protocol chap is a weak one way authentication protocol use in ras and some ppp.
This provides tools that wireless internet content developers would use. It having appropriate charging information it uses distillation to reduce wireless traffic distillation is lossy, real time, datatype specific compression. However, internet protocols are not designed to operate efficiently over mobile networks. Cisco ios wap gateway prerequisites 5 cisco ios release 12. The gateway then sends the converted data to the wap client on your wireless device. Te computer computer networks endsem paper solution. A markup language, the wireless markup language, adhering to xml 3.
Wap is the short form of wireless application protocol. As the top of the stack layer, the application layer is the only one that does not provide any services to. Wap 21 wap specifies wireless application environment wml microbrowser wmlscript virtual machine wmlscript standard library wireless telephony application interface wtai wap content types wireless protocol stack wireless session protocol wsp wireless transport layer security wtls. Wireless application protocol outline of the lecture wap session execution steps wap internal structure wap protocol wireless network wap session execution steps connection is created between mobile device and the wap gateway via wsp. Specifies the mobile device management enrollment protocol, which provides a mechanism for discovering devices and enrolling them into a management system. The wap protocol stack has undergone significant change from wap 1. The wap protocol stack has a multilayered architecture this is very similar to the seven layers model of osi. This layer is of most interest to content developers because it contains among other things, device specifications, and the content development programming languages, wml, and wmlscript. In wap, requests to access a website are sent through a wap gateway for security purposes. The bearers that are used by the wap protocol stack form the lower interface of the datagram service and allow the wap to be used for various network types with specific bearer functions.
The model of the internet protocol stack is illustrated in the figure below. A cisco router can be configured either as a dedicated gateway server, or as a multifunction box in conjunction with other cisco ios features. The name wireless application protocol wap is misleading. For example, wap specifies a reliable transaction protocol that is optimized for wireless communications and is more efficient than protocols such as tcp. Wap enhances wireless specification interoperability and facilitates instant connectivity between interactive wireless devices such as mobile phones and the internet. Application server this is the element is the network where the information web, wap application reside. Chapter 1 the internet protocol stack and the network. Wireless application protocol wap the wap specification includes. Wml pages can be also be encoded in binary format to reduce the amount of data to be transmitted over the wireless interface. By linking the two hottopics in communication the internet and mobile technology wap provides a very valuable service. A client can use this protocol to send a set of files packaged in an open packaging convention opc file and encrypted over the channel.
After enrollment, devices can be managed through the microsoft mobile device management protocol. The cisco ios wap gateway is a software feature developed in compliance with wireless application protocol wap version 1. Introduction to wap wireless access protocol youtube. Wap wireless application protocol global telecoms insight. This page lists the latest wap forum conformance release. Introduction to wap, the wireless application protocol. This page on umts tutorial covers umts protocol stack including access stratumas and non access stratumnas part. Wta user agent wireless telephony application agent receives compiled wta files from wta server and executes them. Wae the wireless application environment holds the tools that wireless internet content developers use. Wap tutorialwireless application protocol,infrastructure.
File extension wap seems to be mainly related to somewhat old graphics format, described at wireless bitmap level 0 image format the wireless application protocol bitmap format wbmp has been designed for use with applications that operate over wireless communication networks the wbmp format is commonly used in mobile phones wap phones and enables. The wireless application protocol wap is a result of continuous work to define an industry wide specification for developing applications that operate over wireless communication networks. Waps transaction protocol does not use the threestep handshake used by tcp when it establishes a connection. So that, if we have a mobile phone, which supports the wireless application protocol, we can use the mobile.
The osi model describes an idealized network communications with a family of protocols. Each layer is accessible by layers above as well as by other services and applications through a set of well defined interface. The following items represent the major architectural components of wap 2. Aug 23, 2016 wireless application protocol wap is a communications protocol that is used for wireless data access through most mobile wireless networks. Wae wmlwmlscript wta framework wap push services wap protocol stack hype vs reality references and resources. Protocol stack support in addition to the wap stack introduced in wap 1, wap 2. Wap256, wap location framework overview specification. Wireless application protocol wap empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services. The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family.
It sits between the wtp and wdp layers in the wap communications stack. Definitions abound, often differing slightly from author to author. Wap interview questions and answers will guide us now that wireless application protocol wap is an open international standard for applicationlayer network communications in a wirelesscommunication environment. A specification of a small browser suitable for a mobile, wireless terminal 4. The wap architecture can also be presented through the wap protocol stack shown in fig. Few people in our technological society can avoid hearing this term several times every week, but most of us would be hard pressed to define the word network. Thus, mobile users can browse wide variety of wap content. A wireless application protocol network architecture. Sridhar iyer kr school of information technology iit. The wap protocol stack covers the complete picture from.
Wap stack wap stack allows the phone to connect to the wap gateway using the wap protocols. Client wap stack is a wap protocol stack for client. Wap is a protocol stack for wireless communication networks, specified by the wap forum. Wap aims at integrating a simple lightweight browser also known as a microbrowser into handheld devices, thus requiring minimal amounts of resources such as. Wap uses wtls, a wireless variant of the ssltls proto col, to secure the communication between the mobile phone and other parts of the wap architecture. Wap is an international standard for applications that use wireless communication. Overview of wap wireless application protocol outline of the lecture introduction problems of internet wireless wap specifications and architecture introduction wap forum. The wdp presents a consistent data format to the higher layers of the wap protocol stack, thereby offering the advantage of bearer independence to application. Wsp wireless session protocol wsp determines whether. The software runs on the cisco 3640 and 3660 routers. This documents describes the various parts presented in this diagram. Data and information are received by each layer from an upper layer. The wap protocol stack lies within layers 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the open systems interconnection osi reference model for networking. The fnet is a free, open source, dual tcpipv4 and ipv6 stack under apache version 2.
The transport layer consists of wireless datagram protocolwdp. The protocol can be broadly divided into two categories. In addition, these protocols may be used in two modes. Wap aims at integrating a simple lightweight browser also known as a microbrowser into handheld devices, thus requiring minimal amounts of resources such as memory and cpu at these. Wap represents a suite of protocols rather than a single protocol. Wireless application protocol wap is a communications protocol that is used for wireless data access through most mobile wireless networks. Wae wireless application environment this is somewhat similar to a javascript. The following table shows the layers of the solaris implementation of. After the required processing, this layer then passes the information on to the next lower layer. Sharing protocol, which provides a way for devices to share files over an already established singlepurpose channel. Wap specifies both communication protocols and application environment so. This leaves the following topics as sections in this document.
What is the wireless application protocol wap gateway. These include wml and wmlscript, which is a scripting language used in conjunction. Most websites will go through the wap protocol stack, so the website will become simplified. Wap wireless application protocol goals deliver internet content and enhanced services to mobile devices and users mobile phones, pdas independence from wireless network standards open for everyone to participate, protocol specifications will be proposed to standardization bodies applications should scale well beyond current transport. Wdp allows wap to be bearerindependent by adapting the transport layer of the underlying bearer. The basis for the change is the support for internet protocols ips when ip connectivity is supported by the mobile device and network. Wireless application protocol how wap works howstuffworks. Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the communication protocols, and the stack is the software implementation of them individual protocols within a suite are often designed with a single. The wireless application protocol wap consists of a set of protocols that allow the deployment of internetlike services on a lot of wireless network technologies. The wireless application protocol wap is a proto col stack for wireless communication networks. A standard created by wireless and internet companies to enable internet access from a cellular phone. It is developed by wap forum which was established by companies which include erisson, motorola and nokia. Material from affiliates wireless application protocol downloads wap forum releases.
In this article, ill discuss the basics of wap technology. The wireless application protocol semantic scholar. In addition, the lightweight wap protocol has a lay. This drastically reduces the cpus involvement in data io requests and reduces memory bandwidth bottlenecks. For an ip bearer, the transport protocol wdp is implemented by user datagram protocol udp. Wireless datagram protocol adapts the wap website to the network carrier. The wireless application protocol wap is a system designed to format and filter internet content for use in mobile devices. Pdf the wireless application protocol researchgate. Tcpip protocol architecture model system administration. Find the notes of wireless networks chapterwise on this link.
The lightweight wap protocol stack is designed to minimize the required bandwidth and maximize the number of wireless network types that can deliver wap content. Wtls bears similarities to the internet security standard tlsssl, while including additional features such as datagram support, optimized handshake, and dynamic key refresh. Te computer computer networks endsem paper solution201415 transport layer wireless datagram protocol wdp. Wireless application protocol wap is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. It is the open standard developed to provide wireless phones, pagers, tablets and other mobile devices access for information services. This paper describes the security architecture of wap and. Wireless access protocolwap architecture ilho lee abstract while the evolution of cellular networks has resulted in many mobile services, such services are primarily for voice. The wireless application protocol wap gateway is part of a protocol for protected use of the internet. Wireless application protocol wap network encyclopedia. After entering the wap address site, the gateway is sent a request from the devices. Wap stack on wireless interface and tcpip stack on internet interface push proxy push access protocol with internet push initiator web server over the air protocol with mobile device and wap push initiator performs necessary filtering, translation etc. Questions on wireless application protocol wap with.
A wap browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses the protocol. Chapter 1 the internet protocol stack and the network workbench the language of networking what is a network. For additional information on the wap architecture, refer to wireless application protocol architecture specification wap. This consists of wml along with wmlscript which is a scripting language used in wap. This is achieved using layered design of protocol stack. The wap protocol stack includes a transportlayer security protocol, with a secure transport service interface and secure connection management functions. Download purchased content ringtones, java apps etc. Mobile phone users do have the desire to access the internet. Pdf the wireless application protocol wap is a protocol stack for wireless.
This specification defines the over the air protocol for delivery of content to a wap client from a wap server, referred to as push ota protocol. The osi protocol stack works on a hierarchical form, from the hardware physical layer to the software application layer. A standard for wireless web access created by phone. As a result, the wap protocol stack is divided into five layers. It provides a scalable and extensible environment for application development of mobile. The algorithms developed for wireless adhoc networks cannot be used for. Wap uses wtls, a wireless variant of the ssltls protocol, to secure the communication between the mobile phone and other parts of the wap architecture. Its most common application is to enable access to the internet from a mobile phone or a pda. Non access stratum includes cmconnection management,mmmobility management,smsupplementary services and gmmgprs mobility management. This layer is of most interest to content developers because it contains among other things, device specifications, and the content development. Wap protocol stack mms messaing stack wap and mms stacks on android for oem connect browser using wap 1. Security is needed, so because some websites are virusheavy, wireless transport layer security offers similar security measures afforded to fullscale browsers.
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